Examples
The following example of calculation shows the input data corresponding to the shock absorber with the cord-rubber material reinforced mostly in the circumferential direction. The shell of revolution consists of two parts: toroidal and cylindrical. The main units used are the following: force- N, length – m. The absorbed energy for a cycle of loading is 20.38 Nm or about 25% of whole energy of the structure deformation corresponding to the maximum force 837 N.
Calculation #     . Mon May 20 14:12:37 PDT 2002
Input:
Radius of rigid element of structure r0: 0.03 Radius of curvature of structure r1: 0.05
Angle of structure α0: 1.57 Spring stiffness C: 5000
Meridional elasticity modulus of the shell E1: 50000000 Circumferential elasticity modulus of the shell E2: 5000000000
Poisson's ratio of the material ν12: 0.0048 Shell thickness h: 0.002

Output:

Load-deflection diagram.
DeflectionForceMeridional
bending
stresses		Circumferential
bending
stresses		Deformation
energy
of the structure		Current
angle
0.0070148.139946574248.53155639.20.70835450.37638348
0.014218.353351.0413013E74998246.51.99820290.53552663
0.021280.442321.3621954E76538538.03.74707940.65998733
0.028338.439581.6509723E77924667.05.9149980.766994
0.035393.82731.9205122E79218459.08.4791960.86321187
0.042447.327482.177766E71.0453277E711.4241990.9520676
0.049499.339782.4270572E71.1649875E714.7383211.0356115
0.056550.0972.6713462E71.2822462E718.4120351.1151977
0.063599.731452.9128118E71.3981496E722.4370651.1917874
0.07648.306763.1531548E71.5135143E726.8058071.2661036
0.077695.832763.3937728E71.6290109E731.5109141.3387187
0.084742.27153.6358656E71.7452156E736.5449331.4101057
0.091787.53683.880506E71.862643E741.8999821.4806744
0.098831.48854.1286864E71.9817694E747.5673871.550795
0.105525.060244.197464E72.0147828E751.7781031.57
0.112560.060244.1973908E72.0147476E755.5760271.57
0.119595.060244.197318E72.0147126E759.618951.57
0.126630.060244.1972448E72.0146774E763.906871.57
0.133665.060244.1971716E72.0146424E768.439791.57
0.14700.060244.1970984E72.0146072E773.217711.57
0.147735.060244.1970256E72.0145722E778.240641.57
0.154770.060244.1969524E72.0145372E783.508561.57
0.161805.060244.1968792E72.014502E789.021481.57
0.168840.060244.196806E72.014467E794.77941.57
0.175875.060244.1967332E72.0144318E7100.7823261.57
0.182910.060244.19666E72.0143968E7107.030241.57
0.189945.060244.1965868E72.0143618E7113.523161.57
0.196980.060244.196514E72.0143266E7120.2610861.57
0.2031015.060244.1964408E72.0142916E7127.244011.57
0.211050.06034.1963676E72.0142566E7134.471921.57
0.2171085.06034.1962948E72.0142214E7141.944851.57
0.2241120.06034.1962216E72.0141864E7149.662781.57
0.2311155.06024.1961484E72.0141514E7157.62571.57
0.2381190.06024.1960756E72.0141162E7165.833621.57
0.2451225.06024.1960024E72.0140812E7174.286541.57
0.2521260.06024.1959296E72.0140462E7182.984471.57
0.2591295.06024.1958564E72.014011E7191.927381.57
0.2661330.06024.1957832E72.013976E7201.115311.57
0.2731365.06024.1957104E72.013941E7210.548231.57
0.281400.06024.1956372E72.013906E7220.226151.57
0.2871435.06024.1955644E72.0138708E7230.149061.57
0.2941470.06024.1954912E72.0138358E7240.316991.57
0.3011505.06024.1954184E72.0138008E7250.729921.57

      Maximum force is 837.16455 at deflection 0.098921165;
      Minimum force is 499.71207 at deflection 0.09993036;
      Energy absorbed 20.37782.